Discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT) of a sampled cosine

A slecture by ECE student Yijun Han

Partly based on the ECE438 Fall 2014 lecture material of Prof. Mireille Boutin.

## outline

• Introduction
• Sampling rate above Nyquist rate
• Sampling rate below Nyquist rate
• Conclusion
• References

## Introduction

Consider a CT cosine signal (a pure frequency), and sample that signal with a rate above or below Nyquist rate. In this slecture, I will talk about how does the discrete-time Fourier transform of the sampling of this signal look like. Suppose the cosine signal is $x(t)=cos(2\pi 440 t)$.

## Sampling rate above Nyquist rate

The Nyquist sampling rate $f_s=2f_M=880$,so we pick a sample frequency 1000 which is above the Nyquist rate.

\begin{align} \\ x_1[n] & =x(\frac{n}{1000}) \\ & =cos(\frac{2\pi440 n}{1000}) \\ & =\frac{1}{2}(e^{\frac{j2\pi440 n}{1000}}+e^{\frac{-j2\pi440 n}{1000}})\\ \end{align}

Since $\frac{2\pi 440}{1000}$ is between $-\pi$ and $\pi$, so for $\omega \isin [-\pi,\pi]$

\begin{align} \\ \mathcal{X}_1(\omega) & =\frac{1}{2}[2\pi\delta(\omega-2\pi\frac{440}{1000})+2\pi\delta(\omega+2\pi\frac{440}{1000})] \\ & = \frac{1000}{2}[\delta(\frac{1000}{2\pi}\omega-440)+\delta(\frac{1000}{2\pi}\omega+440)] \end{align}

For all w,

$\mathcal{X}_1(\omega) = rep_{2\pi}{\frac{1000}{2}[\delta(\frac{1000}{2\pi}\omega-440)+\delta(\frac{1000}{2\pi}\omega+440)]}$

The graph of $\mathcal{X}_1(\omega)$ is

## Sampling rate below Nyquist rate

we pick a sample frequency 800 which is below the Nyquist rate.

\begin{align} \\ x_2[n] & =x(\frac{n}{800}) \\ & =cos(\frac{2\pi440 n}{800}) \\ & =cos(\frac{2\pi440 n}{800}-2\pi n) \\ & =cos(2\pi n \frac{-360}{800}) \\ & =cos(\frac{2\pi360 n}{800}) \\ & =\frac{1}{2}(e^{\frac{j2\pi360*n}{800}}+e^{\frac{-j2\pi360*n}{800}})\\ \end{align}

Since $\frac{2\pi*360}{800}$ is between $-\pi$ and $\pi$, so for $\omega \isin [-\pi,\pi]$

\begin{align} \\ \mathcal{X}_2(\omega) & =\frac{1}{2}[2\pi\delta(\omega-2\pi\frac{360}{800})+2\pi\delta(\omega+2\pi\frac{360}{800})] \\ & = \frac{800}{2}[\delta(\frac{800}{2\pi}\omega-360)+\delta(\frac{800}{2\pi}\omega+360)] \end{align}

For all w,

$\mathcal{X}_2(\omega) = rep_{2\pi}{\frac{800}{2}[\delta(\frac{800}{2\pi}\omega-360)+\delta(\frac{800}{2\pi}\omega+360)]}$

The graph of $\mathcal{X}_2(\omega)$ is

## Conclusion

The discrete Fourier transform of a sampled cosine signal with sample frequency f has the following properties:

compared with the CTFT of cosine signal

if f is above the Nyquist rate

1. $\mathcal{X}(\omega)$ is a rep with period $2\pi$.

2. $\mathcal{X}(\omega)$ re-scales by $\frac{2\pi}{f}$.

3. $\mathcal{X}(\omega)$ has amplitude of f.

if f is below the Nyquist rate

1. $\mathcal{X}(\omega)$ is a rep with period $2\pi$.

2. $\mathcal{X}(\omega)$ re-scales by $\frac{2\pi(f-f_0)}{f}$.

3. $\mathcal{X}(\omega)$ has amplitude of f.

## References

[1].Mireille Boutin, "ECE438 Digital Signal Processing with Applications," Purdue University August 26,2009

[2].Steve Eddins,"Discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT)," Matlab Central December 31, 2009