Line 54: Line 54:
  
 
<math>
 
<math>
E[S_n]=E[\frac{1}{n}\sum_{j=1}{n}X_j] = \frac{1}{n}\sum_{j=1}{n}E[X_j ] = \frac{1}{n}\sum_{j=1}{n} \mu = 0\\
+
E[X_iX_j]=\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}X_iX_jf_{X_iX_j}(X_i,X_j)dX_idX_j
E[(X_i-\mu)^2]=E[X_i^2]=\sigma^2
+
 
</math>
 
</math>
 
----
 
----

Revision as of 13:08, 7 December 2015


ECE Ph.D. Qualifying Exam

Communication, Networking, Signal and Image Processing (CS)

Question 1: Probability and Random Processes

August 2015


Solution 1

$ E(S_n)=E(\frac{1}{n}\sum_i^n X_i) =\frac{1}{n}\sum_i^n E(X_i)=0 $

$ E(X_i-S_n)=E(X_i-\frac{1}{n}\sum_k^n X_k) =E(X_i)-E(\frac{1}{n}\sum_k^n X_k)=0 $

$ E((X_i-S_n)S_n)=E(X_iS_n-S_n^2) $

As for any $ i,j\in \{1,2,...,n\} $, we have $ E(X_i\cdot X_j) = E(X_i)E(X_j)=0 $

$ E(X_iS_n-S_n^2) = E(X_iS_n)-E(S_n^2)\\ =E(\sum_k^nX_iX_K) - E(\sum_i^n\sum_k^nX_iX_K)\\ =\sum_k^nE(X_iX_K) - \sum_i^n\sum_k^nE(X_iX_K) \\ =0 $

Thus $ E(X_i-S_n)E(S_n)=E((X_i-S_n)S_n) $, $ S_n $ and $ X_i-S_n $ are uncorrelated.

Solution 2

$ S_n=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{j=1}{n}X_j $, note: in the problem statement, it should be $ \frac{1}{n}, because <math>S_n $ is the sample mean.

$ E[S_n]=E[\frac{1}{n}\sum_{j=1}{n}X_j] = \frac{1}{n}\sum_{j=1}{n}E[X_j ] = \frac{1}{n}\sum_{j=1}{n} \mu = 0\\ E[(X_i-\mu)^2]=E[X_i^2]=\sigma^2 $

$ E[X_iX_j]=\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}X_iX_jf_{X_iX_j}(X_i,X_j)dX_idX_j $


Back to QE CS question 1, August 2015

Back to ECE Qualifying Exams (QE) page

Alumni Liaison

Basic linear algebra uncovers and clarifies very important geometry and algebra.

Dr. Paul Garrett