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p1 a) $ A=\begin{bmatrix} -1 & 1 \\ 0 & -2 \end{bmatrix} $ $ X(t)=\begin{bmatrix} X_1(t) \\ X_2(t) \end{bmatrix} $

$ \dot{x}_1(t)=-X_1(t)+X_2(t) \dot{x}_2(t)=-2X_2(t) <math>\Phi(t)=\begin{bmatrix} \Phi_1(t) & \Phi_2(t) \\ \end{bmatrix} $ For $ \Phi_1(t) assume <math>X_(0) =\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \end{bmatrix} $


\therefore$ \Phi_1(t)=\begin{bmatrix} e^-t \\ 0 \end{bmatrix} $

For$ \Phi_2(t) assume X_(0)=\begin{bmatrix} 0 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix} $

$ X_2(t)= <math>\Phi_(t)= <math>\Phi_(t_1 t)=\Phi_( t)\Phi_(t)^-1 b) <math>A=\begin{bmatrix} -cost & cost \\ 0 & -2cost \end{bmatrix} $

  $ \Phi_(t)=e^\begin{matrix} \int_{0}^{t} A\, \mathrm{d}t \end{matrix} $
=\begin{bmatrix}              
 e^\sin t    & 0    \\

0 & e^2\sin t \end{bmatrix}</math> \begin{bmatrix}

 1    & - \sin t  \\
 0      & 1   

\end{bmatrix}</math>=\begin{bmatrix} e^\sin t & - \sin te^ \sin t \\ 0 & e^2\sin t \end{bmatrix}</math>

$ \Phi_(t_1 t)=\Phi_( t)\cdot \Phi_(t)^-1 $=\begin{bmatrix}

    &        \\

0 & \end{bmatrix}</math>

p2 a) $ \left| {\lambda\Iota-A} \right|=\begin{bmatrix} \lambda+2 & -2 \\ 1 & \lambda-1 \end{bmatrix} $

$ \lambda_1 =0 \lambda_2=-1 Marginally stable ,not asy ,stable b) <math>c=\begin{bmatrix} B & AB \end{bmatrix} $=$ \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 \end{bmatrix} $ rank=1 not observable, unobservable subspace$ \left\{ {\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix} } \right\} c) <math>0=\begin{bmatrix} C \\ CA \end{bmatrix} $=$ \begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 \\ -1 & 1 \end{bmatrix} $

rank=1 not observable, unobservable subspace$ \left\{ {\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ -1 \end{bmatrix} } \right\} d) e) \therefore talse \therefore talse f) <math>A-BK=\begin{bmatrix} -2-k_1 & 2-k_2 \\ -1-k_1 & 1-k_2 \end{bmatrix} $ $ \left| {\lambda-A+BK} \right|=\lambda^2+\left( {a+b+1} \right)\lambda+3a+3-ab=0 \lambda_1 =-3 ang \lambda_2=-1 <math>\begin{cases} -3a + 9 -ab=0 \\ 2a - b+3-ab=0 \end{cases} $

a=0 ,b=3 $ k=\begin{bmatrix} 0 & 3 \\ \end{bmatrix} $


g)$ \begin{bmatrix} \lambda\Iota-A \\ C \end{bmatrix} $=$ \begin{bmatrix} \lambda+2 & -2 \\ 1 & \lambda-1 \\ 1 & -1 \end{bmatrix} $ must contain $ \lambda=0 , no $

Alumni Liaison

Ph.D. on Applied Mathematics in Aug 2007. Involved on applications of image super-resolution to electron microscopy

Francisco Blanco-Silva