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Complex Number Identities and Formulas (info)
Basic Definitions
imaginary number $ i=\sqrt{-1} \ $
electrical engineers' imaginary number $ j=\sqrt{-1}\ $
(info) conjugate of a complex number $ \text{if}\ z=a+ib,\ \text{for}\ a,\ b \in {\mathbb R},\ \text{then} \ \bar{z}=a-ib $
(info) magnitude of a complex number $ \| z \| = z \bar{z} $
(info) magnitude of a complex number $ \| z \| = \sqrt{\left(Re(z)\right)^2+\left(Im(z)\right)^2} $
(info) magnitude of a complex number $ \| a+ib \| = \sqrt{a^2+b^2},\ \text{for}\ a,b\in {\mathbb R} $
(info) magnitude of a complex number $ \| r e^{i \theta} \| = r,\ \text{for}\ r,\theta\in {\mathbb R} $
Complex Number Operations
addition $ (a+ib)+(c+id)=(a+c) + i (b+d) \ $
multiplication $ (a+ib) (c+id)=(ac-bd) + i (ad+bc) \ $
multiplication in polar form $ \left( r_1 (\cos \theta_1 + i \sin \theta_1) \right) \left( r_2 (\cos \theta_2 + i \sin \theta_2) \right)= r_1 r_2 \left( \cos (\theta_1+\theta_2)+i \sin (\theta_1-\theta_2) \right)\ $
division $ \frac{a+ib} {c+id}=\frac{ac+bd} {c^2+d^2}+ i \frac{bc-ad} {c^2+d^2} \ $
division in polar form $ \frac{ r_1 (\cos \theta_1 + i \sin \theta_1)}{ r_2 (\cos \theta_2 + i \sin \theta_2) }= \frac{r_1}{ r_2} \left( \cos (\theta_1-\theta_2)+i \sin (\theta_1+\theta_2) \right)\ $
exponentiation $ i^n =\left\{ \begin{array}{ll}1,& \text{when }n\equiv 0\mod 4 \\ i,& \text{when }n\equiv 1\mod 4 \\-1,& \text{when }n\equiv 2\mod 4 \\-i,& \text{when }n\equiv 3\mod 4 \end{array} \right. \ $
Euler's Formula and Related Equalities (info)
(info) Euler's formula $ e^{iw_0t}=\cos w_0t+i\sin w_0t \ $
A really cute formula $ e^{i\pi}=-1 \ $
Cosine function in terms of complex exponentials $ \cos\theta=\frac{e^{i\theta}+e^{-i\theta}}{2} $
Sine function in terms of complex exponentials $ \sin\theta=\frac{e^{i\theta}-e^{-i\theta}}{2i} $
Other Formulas
De Moivre's theorem $ \left(\cos x+i\sin x\right)^n=\cos\left(nx\right)+i\sin\left(nx\right).\, $
Root of a complex number $ \left( r (\cos x+i\sin x) \right)^{\frac{1}{n}}=r^{\frac{1}{n}} \cos\left(\frac{x+2 k \pi}{n}\right) +i\sin\left(\frac{x+2 k \pi}{n} \right), k=0,1,\ldots, n-1.\, $

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