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Accompanying Lecture Notes

DES- Key Schedule

The DES key schedule genrates 16 round keys (or sub-keys) for the 16 encryption rounds. The sub-keys are derived out of the original 64-bit key given as an input.

Step 1: The original 64-bit key is reduced to 56-bit key using the PC-1 permutation table (Fig 1). Note: Every 8th bit is ignored in the table(i.e. bits numbered 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, and 64). Nevertheless number the bits from 1 to 64, going left to right.

Step 2: Split the 56-bit Key in two 28-bit halves: Left - $ C_0 $ and Right - $ D_0 $(Refer Fig 2).

Step 3: With $ C_0 $ and $ D_0 $ defined, we now create sixteen blocks $ C_n $ and $ D_n $, $ 1≤n≤16 $ using following rules.

• In rounds i = 1,2,9,16 , the two halves are each rotated left by one bit.
• In all other rounds, where i ≠ 1,2,9,16 , the two halves are each rotated left by two bits.
• Total numbe rof rotations 4*1 + 12* 2 = 28 which leads to an interesting property : $ C_0 $=$ C_{16} $ and $ D_0 $=$ D_{16} $.

Step 4:

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