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Obviously, the size of <math>Y^tY</math> is much smaller, since N << p.
 
Obviously, the size of <math>Y^tY</math> is much smaller, since N << p.
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</center>
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#Prove that both <math>YY^t</math> and <math>Y^tY</math> are both symmetric and positive semi-definite matrices.
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<center>
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To prove it is symmetric:
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<math>(YY^t)^t = YY^t</math>
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To prove it is positive semi-definite:
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Let x be an arbitrary vector
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<math>x^tYY^tx = (Y^tx)^T(Y^tx) geq 0</math> so the matrix of <math>YY^t</math> is positive semi-definite.
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The proving procedures for <math>Y^tY</math> are the same
 
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</center>

Revision as of 20:30, 9 July 2019


ECE Ph.D. Qualifying Exam

Communication, Networking, Signal and Image Processing (CS)

Question 5: Image Processing

August 2016 (Published in Jul 2019)

Problem 1

  1. Calcualte an expression for $ \lambda_n^c $, the X-ray energy corrected for the dark current

$ \lambda_n^c=\lambda_n^b-\lambda_n^d $

  1. Calculate an expression for $ G_n $, the X-ray attenuation due to the object's presence

$ G_n = \frac{d\lambda_n^c}{dx}=-\mu (x,y_0+n * \Delta d)\lambda_n^c $

  1. Calculate an expression for $ \hat{P}_n $, an estimate of the integral intensity in terms of $ \lambda_n $, $ \lambda_n^b $, and $ \lambda_n^d $


$ \lambda_n = (\lambda_n^b-\lambda_n^d) e^{-\int_{0}^{x}\mu(t)dt}d)\lambda_n^c $

$ \hat{P}_n = \int_{0}^{x}\mu(t)dt= -log(\frac{\lambda_n}{\lambda_n^b-\lambda_n^d}) $

  1. For this part, assume that the object is of constant density with $ \mu(x,y) = \mu_0 $. Then sketch a plot of $ \hat{P}_n $ versus the object thickness, $ T_n $, in mm, for the $ n^{th} $ detector. Label key features of the curve such as its slope and intersection.

Problem 2

  1. Specify the size of $ YY^t $ and $ Y^tY $. Which matrix is smaller

Y is of size $ p \times N $, so the size of $ YY^t $ is $ p \times p $

Y is of size $ p \times N $, so the size of $ Y^tY $ is $ N \times N $

Obviously, the size of $ Y^tY $ is much smaller, since N << p.

  1. Prove that both $ YY^t $ and $ Y^tY $ are both symmetric and positive semi-definite matrices.

To prove it is symmetric:

$ (YY^t)^t = YY^t $

To prove it is positive semi-definite:

Let x be an arbitrary vector

$ x^tYY^tx = (Y^tx)^T(Y^tx) geq 0 $ so the matrix of $ YY^t $ is positive semi-definite.

The proving procedures for $ Y^tY $ are the same

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